Pipeline Manifolds
Spray protection at valve and manifold congestion.
At a glance
- Hazard family
- Transfer & loading
- Protected by
- Water spray, Hydrant, Gas detection, Flame detection
- Designed to
- NFPA 15, OISD‑STD‑116, OISD‑STD‑117
- Water spray for exposure protection
- 10.2 L/min/m² of exposed surface
Design basis
- Water spray for exposure protection
- 10.2 L/min/m² of exposed surfaceNFPA 15
- Minimum nozzle pressure
- 1.4 bar (20 psi), unless listed for lessNFPA 15
Standards that apply
- NFPA 15Water spray fixed systems for fire protection.
- OISD-STD-116Fire protection for refineries and oil and gas processing plants.
- OISD-STD-117Fire protection for petroleum depots and terminals.
The risk
Manifolds concentrate valves, flanges and pumps in a small space, and every flange and seal is a potential leak. Product under pressure can ignite as a spray or jet fire, with a pool fire forming underneath.
The congestion is what makes it dangerous: a fire in one corner heats the pipework around it, and failing joints feed it more fuel.
The scheme
Cool the congestion and cut off the supply:
- Water spray over the manifold area, released by detection.
- Gas and flame detection to find a leak or a fire in seconds.
- Hydrants and monitors covering the area from more than one side.
- Drainage that carries spilt product away from the manifold rather than under it.
Systems that apply
NFPA 15Fire Water Spray System
Medium and high velocity spray for vessels, transformers and process equipment.
NFPA 24Fire Hydrant System
Plant-wide ring main, hydrants, monitors and hose boxes, sized to the site.
IEC 60079-29Gas Detection System
Flammable and toxic gas detection for process areas, with alarm and shutdown.
EN 54-10Flame Detection System
Optical flame detection for open process areas, fast enough to release deluge.
Products used
Deluge Valves & Systems · 9
Deluge Valve Cast Carbon Steel (Model PD-CS)
Cast carbon steel, 80 to 200 mm, 250 psi
Deluge Valve Cast Stainless Steel (Model PD-SS)
Cast stainless steel, 80 to 200 mm, 250 psi
Deluge Valve Aluminium Bronze (Model PD-AB)
Aluminium bronze, 80 to 200 mm, 250 psi
Deluge Valve Skid Cabinet
Pre-assembled and factory tested, with bypass
Deluge Valve Cast Carbon Steel (Model PD-ILV)
Inline globe pattern, cast carbon steel
Deluge Valve Aluminium Bronze (Model PD-ILVAB)
Inline globe pattern, aluminium bronze
Deluge Valve Cast Stainless Steel (Model PD-ILVS)
Inline globe pattern, cast stainless steel
Deluge Valve
Dry pilot, wet pilot and electric release
Wet Pilot Inline Deluge Assembly (Stainless Steel)
PD-ILVS with wet pilot trim, 80 to 200 mm
Spray Nozzles · 3
MVWS Nozzle Stainless Steel
Stainless steel 316, K-18 to K-102, 65° to 160°
MVWS Nozzle Brass
Brass, K-18 to K-102, 65° to 160°
MVWS Nozzle
Brass or stainless steel 316, K-18 to K-102
Strainers · 6
Fabricated Duplex Strainer
Twin baskets, cleaned without shutting down
Fabricated Basket Strainer
Top-removal basket, 2" to 24"
Fabricated Y Strainer
1" to 24", ASME Class 150 to 2500
Fabricated Tee Strainer
Graded filtration, 2" to 24", ASME 150 to 600
Fabricated Inline Strainer
Inline, 15 to 150 mm, 40 to 100 mesh
Strainer
Y-type, 1" to 24", threaded, socket weld or flanged
Questions we are asked
Why are manifolds a fire risk?
They pack many flanges, valves and seals into one space. Each is a potential leak, and the congestion lets a fire heat everything around it.
Does the drainage matter?
Yes. Drainage that carries spilt product away stops a pool fire forming under the manifold.
Gas detection or flame detection?
Both are common: gas detection to act on a leak before ignition, flame detection to release the water spray within seconds if it ignites.
Related hazards
Projects on this hazard
Tata SteelHigh velocity water spray system — Tata Steel
High velocity water spray (HVWS) system for Tata Steel at Joda Mine. · Joda Mine
GAILHydrant system — GAIL
Fire hydrant system for GAIL at Vijaipur. · Vijaipur
BPCLMedium velocity water spray system — BPCL
Medium velocity water spray (MVWS) system for BPCL at eight sites. · Tuticorin, Solur, Gummidipoondi, Cherlapally, Patna, Vijayawada, Hariyala, Rajkot
BHELHydrant system — BHEL
Fire hydrant system for BHEL at Haldia. · Haldia
GAILMedium velocity water spray system — GAIL
Medium velocity water spray (MVWS) system for GAIL at Vijaipur. · Vijaipur
TISCOHydrant system — TISCO
Fire hydrant system for TISCO at Noamundi. · Noamundi
Tata CumminsHigh velocity water spray system — Tata Cummins
High velocity water spray (HVWS) system for Tata Cummins at Jamshedpur. · Jamshedpur
Oil IndiaHydrant system — Oil India
Fire hydrant system for Oil India at Duliajan. · Duliajan
IOCLHigh velocity water spray system — IOCL
High velocity water spray (HVWS) system for IOCL at three sites. · Panipat, Haldia Refinery, Digboi
IOCLHydrant system — IOCL
Fire hydrant system for IOCL at six sites. · Coimbatore, Quilon, Hasimara, Dharmanagar, Kalyani, Goindwal
GAILHigh velocity water spray system — GAIL
High velocity water spray (HVWS) system for GAIL at Vijaipur. · Vijaipur
BPCLGas detection system — BPCL
Gas detection system for BPCL at two sites. · Rajkot, Fatuha (Patna)
IOCLMedium velocity water spray system — IOCL
Medium velocity water spray (MVWS) system for IOCL at five sites. · PJPL, Panipat Refinery, Barauni Refinery, Tikrikalan bottling plant, Kalyani
Berger PaintsHydrant system — Berger Paints
Fire hydrant system for Berger Paints at three sites. · Sandila, Anand, Naltali
Oil IndiaMedium velocity water spray system — Oil India
Medium velocity water spray (MVWS) system for Oil India at Duliajan. · Duliajan
IOCLGas detection system — IOCL
Gas detection system for IOCL at five sites. · Barauni Refinery, Haldia, Kohand, Nabha, Jalandhar
Tata SteelMedium velocity water spray system — Tata Steel
Medium velocity water spray (MVWS) system for Tata Steel at Joda Mine. · Joda Mine
Airports Authority of IndiaHydrant system — Airports Authority of India
Fire hydrant system for Airports Authority of India at Kolkata. · Kolkata
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