Fire Detection System
Fire Detection system is a system which picks up the occurrence of fire by sensing the environmental changes with the help of sensors ,thereby identify the hazard and trigger the alarm and/or protection system accordingly.
This system is of two types- Integrated Fire Detection System and Individual Detection system.
- Integrated Fire Detection System : In this system different Detection Systems (Heat, Smoke, Gas, Flame) can be integrated with CCTV in single panel with Touch Screen.
DTL installation at Indian Oil Petronas Project Ltd Ennore ( First time of its kind in India ) - Individual Fire Detection System these are of following types -Based on the type of action, the sensors or detectors are of two types, Conventional Detectors and Addressable Detectors
- Conventional Detectors
These detectors show the occurrence of Fire without the exact location of occurrence. They are with low equipment cost ,have wide range of compatible devices, easy to program and with limited expansion capacity - Addressable Detectors
These detectors not only show the occurrence of Fire ,but also the exact location of occurrence. They are easy to install, show additional system status information like status of alarm at the panel or at central status, flexible in programming , with wide expansion capacity
- Smoke Detectors :
These detectors sense the smoke particles emitted during the fire. These detectors are available with following varieties-
- Photo Electric Scatter Smoke Detector :Response quickly to large smoke particles but they have the tendency to ignore the small particles
- Heat Detectors :
These detectors sense the rise in temperature (Heat) when a fire occurs. These are less sensitive alternatives, to be use at the location where the smoke detector cannot be use. These are specifically used for monitoring product that will emit little smoke when burns. These detectors are available with following varieties
- Rate Of Rise Detectors :React to abnormal high rise of change of temperature and provide fastest response over wide range of ambient temperature. These are suitable to be use where large change of ambient temperature will signal the alarm condition to control panel.
- Fixed Temperature Static Heat Detector: Similar to rate of rise detector but It reacts to a fix predetermined temperature rather than rate of Rise temperature. Suitable for the use in an area where sudden large change in temperature is considered normal such as kitchen and boiler room.
- Line type detectors : Linear Heat detectors come in the form of Linear Heat Sensing Cables or Hollow Metallic Tube. They sense heat over long lenghts and have the advantage of covering greater area. Suitable for transformers, cable tunnel, conveyors belts, subways duct, aircraft hangers.
- Multi sensor Detectors :
These detectors are different combinations like Fixed rate/rate-of-rise detectors, Heat/smoke detectors, Smoke/fire gas detectors (Carbon Mono-oxide Detectors) etc. They offer benefits of different detectors and increase responsiveness to fire conditions. - Flame Detectors :
These detectors detect electromagnetic radiation from a flame.The detector cannot respond to fire outbreak until there is a flame. Flame detectors are used in large open areas. A direct line of sight is required for effective detection. It responds quickly to a clean burning fuels such as methane, alcohol. - Optical Beam Detector :
The detector consist of two parts, Transmitter Infrared light beam projection and Receiver, Received the projected infra red beam. They continuously monitor the received beam. These are specifically design for interior uses in large open type area such as warehouse , galleries, manufacturing plant workshop etc. where the installation of point type detectors are difficult. Whenever there are fire outbreaks, smoke particles rising upwards Interrupt or partly deflect the light beam thus reducing the strength of beam received. If the reduction of signal received by the receiver in the range of 40% to 90% for a period greater than five second it cause the system go to alarm. For optimum /correct operation the transmitter and the receiver must be installed in the roof space or just below the ceiling. Each detector is capable of protecting an area of 7 m each side of beam center line for a distance up to 100 m. - Duct Probe Detectors :
The detector is use to sense the presence of smoke/ combustion product in ventilation duct.
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